WRITINGS

Memoir: How Memory Works

What’s your earliest memory?

Someone posed that question one day, when a bunch of us were sitting around chatting idly about life. I didn’t have to think about it.

Or at least—thinking had nothing to do with what abruptly happened. An earliest-memory flashed up inside me immediately, bright with color, rich with detail.  I don’t know if it was actually my “earliest” memory, but it was certainly a very early one.   I must have been about three. 

Since then, I’ve lost access to the memory itself.  I cannot now see all that color, all those details. What I have left, now, of that “earliest memory” is just data: just information.  But when I recount the information, I experience brief glimmering glimpses of a remembered life.  Each flash sets off another flash which sets off another flash, which sets off another and another, because that’s how memory works: link to link to link.

I can say with confidence now, for example, that we lived in Kabul when this remembered episode happened. My father taught something, I never knew what, at the University. My mother taught English at Malalai, the first girls’ school in Afghanistan. My parents also had a classical Western music program on Radio Kabul, which aired once a week.  They did the show live, which means they went to the studio on those nights, and played records on the radio. We at home—my sister Rebecca and I—listened to the radio on those nights.  The program intro was the William Tell Overture.  I can still hum that tune on command.

My mother was ferociously devoted to classical Western music, and my father seemed equally devoted, although he had other interests as well. He listened, frowning, to the news in the evenings, which was delivered in both Farsi and Pushto on Kabul Radio. After the news he listened to the local musicians they broadcast: Ustad Sarahang is the one I remember: a classical master.  

Kabul Radio played popular Indian music as well. But we didn’t have to listen to Kabul Radio to get Indian music. We had a record player of our own at home—a record player! An amazing new piece of technology at the time, at least in Afghanistan. And we had popular Indian and Arabic records to play on our record player: there was Lata Mangashkar, the foremost pop singer of India at the time. She sold way more records than Elvis Presley ever did, if I’m not mistaken. And later we had Ferouz records: she was the leading female pop singer of the Arab world. The record were ‘78s: about the size of dinner plates and made of hard plastic. The smaller “45s” that played a single song on each side came later; and the thin, flexible discs known as 33s, later still.

We lived in a yard surrounded by a wall, and we kids never wandered out of that compound by ourselves. But we traveled sometimes, with family, to other compounds. I have vague impressionistic memories of weddings, and of being at my grandmother Koko’s house. I have memories of her and others, telling stories around the sandali, a big low table  set in the middle of the room and covered with a heavy blanket. Under the table was a pan with hot coals. We kids and adult storytellers sat around the table, under the blanket, huddled together warm and cozy, listening with rapt attention to stories filled with magic and fabulist imagery.

I have a couple of sharp memories of riding on the back of a bike about that time, with my cousin Khalil operating the pedals. He was probably 10 years older than me, an adult to my eyes: I remember him taking me somewhere beyond the traffic circle that interrupted Deh Mazang Highway, the road  nearest to our house, a ten-minute ride across an empty field–unless a band of nomads was camped there. They came every so often and when they did, you had to skirt their encampment. You didn’t want to get close to that ominous clump of black tents. Big mastiffs with enormous jaws patrolled the environs of the nomad camp.

My best friend at that time was Suleiman Shah, a boy who lived in our yard. I was told his family were kinar-nisheens of ours. Kinar-nisheen means “the ones in the corner.” They were a poor family living in the corner of our life.  We lived at the edge of the city, and it wasn’t good to be alone out there, because bandits sometimes came over the walls at night.  Daddy, as we called our father, felt that we would be safer with more people in the yard, so he found this other family and gave them rooms separate from ours but within the protection of our same walls. They didn’t pay rent, they didn’t work for us, they weren’t our servants.  They had their own life separate from ours.  The mother was the homemaker for that family. She had a baby, and a boy my age, and she cooked and cleaned and shopped for her family. The man of that family went out and did some job somewhere. 

They didn’t work for us, but there was never any doubt that they were on a social level below ours. I don’t remember some revelatory moment when I realized all this, and after I realized it, I had no judgment of it.  I was busy trying to bring the world into focus. Where was I? Who was I? What was this place? What was I doing here? What was I supposed to be doing? Who were these people I was living with? What was going on in this place? As the picture came into focus, a life that was mine came into focus. As this life came into focus, I came into focus, for myself. The person living this life? That person was me. Who was I? The person living this life. Now I understood. Sort of. 

Me and the little boy of this other family were buddies. He was a street-wise kid. I was very fragile, very much in danger of being broken. I knew this to be the case because my mother let me know. I should never leave the yard alone, I should be very cautious around strangers. Everyone I met might mean me harm.  My buddy’s family wasn’t precious about him. If he wanted to go out, he could go out.  He didn’t have to ask anyone, he just went. No one tracked him or set schedules for him. To me, therefore, he was the guy who knew what was what out there in the wilds. From him I could learn. 

We used to hang out in the kinar-awb and talk naughty.  The kinar-awb was the outhouse. It’s where people went to poop, so it smelled like shit in there, but I didn’t notice the smell much, it was just a normal part of where I lived. And there I sat with Suleiman Shah, on a little built-in mud bench, and he told me about his adventures in the world outside the compound walls. He told me he regularly sneaked into all the other compounds in the neighborhood. In many of them, he told me, he had girlfriends and he fucked them regularly. 

We were, let me emphasize, four or five years old at this point. 

Sometimes, he told me, he refused to fuck one of his girlfriends and this made her very distraught, he said, very sad. I listened goggle-eyed to these reports. What a world it was out there! How I wished my mother would let me go out there sometime. I had no idea what fucking was, but it sounded like kite flying, from the way Suleiman Shah talked . On Fridays, sometimes, dozens of boys flocked to that big empty field outside our compound and flew kites. I wasn’t allowed out there, and I didn’t know how to make or fly a kite, but I longed to try it. If fucking was anything like kite-flying, I wanted to try that too, if I ever got a chance. I knew I never would, of course. A guy like me? Not a chance. But a boy can dream.

These are some of the memories I can get to, link by link, from that vivid glimpse that flared inside me when someone posed the question “What’s your earliest memory?”   The memory itself, however, I can no longer access. My access to the vivid moment itself has washed away like a bridge in some storm. The information remains, but not the lived experience of three-year-old Tamim, not the aroma of hot chocolate on that morning, nor the rainbow-colored bubbles in the chocolate, nor the emotion that swamped that boy when the meaning of the bubbles hit him.  Today, I remember that moment only as the image that flashed in me when the question was asked: only as a fleeting fragment of a larger, later memory.

So today, I can only access the rainbow-colored bubbles in that hot chocolate through the memory of an afternoon in 1973, in a house in Portland, Oregon, on the corner of 27th and Main Street,  when twenty-five year old Tamim was telling the story of his earliest memory, to Margo, who lived in that house, and to Beth Glazer, whom I met there. Margo I still know, but Beth I never saw again after I left Portland.

But even as I write these words I realize that, no: that actual memory is gone too, because I wrote about the day the question was posed when I was fifty years old and writing a book called Road Trips, a memoir about the Portland years.  So today, when I bring up the earliest-memory-story, what I’m actually experiencing is being fifty years old and working on Road Trips.

And someday, I realize, all of this will exist only as a memory of 76-year-old Tamim, sitting in his basement office, late one November morning, in San Francisco, working on a post for this website.

Philosophy: Majoring in Leadership

What if Genghis Khan had gone to college? 

I pose the question because many colleges now offer courses in “leadership,”  and I’m wondering: could Genghis have profited from those?

Or Napoleon, for that matter? What distinguishes a Napoleon Bonaparte from a Billy-Bob Bonaparte? Can the quality be packaged into a course? You know what I’m thinking:

Could I (with the proper schooling) ..  be the next Napoleon?

Age-old quest

People have long wondered if there were techniques one could learn to become a great leader. Books like Machiavelli’s The Prince provided cynical advice for how to wield power successfully, advice that was positively. . . um, Machiavellian. But these books didn’t tell you how to become a leader-type if you weren’t one already.

In the 19th century, sociologists launched systematic studies of leadership in their quest to understand organizations. Their inquiries bubbled along for decades, but they went pretty much unnoticed by anyone outside academia.

Then in the 1960s the real world crashed into the ivory tower. Disenfranchised groups of every stripe demanded access to power.  Gates were grudgingly opened. 

But opening gates wasn’t enough, as it turned out. There was also something in the excluded groups themselves that held them back from taking charge. Feminists, for example, saw a need for “assertiveness training workshops” to restore a trait that society had suppressed in women.  Analogous programs sprouted for African Americans and other minorities.  All of this ferment soon exposed an inconvenient fact: no one really knew what made leaders leaderly.

It was then that a century of academic interest in the subject acquired new relevance. Out of this interaction between social need and sociological research came a new discipline known as leadership studies.

Before this time, American universities had offered leadership training only incidentally in the form of “campus activities.”  Prospective leaders cut their teeth in college by going into student government or organizing frat parties.

By the late eighties, however, over 600 colleges and universities were offering formal leadership courses, and soon courses of this type proliferated throughout and beyond the universities. Today, corporations sponsor countless workshops for executives and managers.   Every sizable city has development centers for aspiring civic leaders.  In America, the state department, the military, the CIA, and many other branches of government have programs of their own.  Leadership is widely treated as a subject to be taught and learned, just like medicine  or law or ancient Sanskrit poetry. But…

What is a leader?

The simplicity of the question is deceptive.

Is a leader “a person who runs things?”  No, that’s a boss.

And although every leader may in some sense be a boss,  every boss is certainly not a leader.

The irreducible minimum definition of a leader is “someone with followers,” but that bare bones formulation begs the question:  Why do some people (and not others) attract followers?

History has seen a parade of theories. Sociologist Max Weber  speculated that leadership involves a mysterious force that some people are just born with, which he called charisma. But what charisma was, or how to get some, if you didn’t have any, Weber couldn’t tell you.

Some have said leadership isn’t in a person but in a whole situation and how any given person fits into it.  A leader in one context might be a loser in another. This theory would say the French Revolution created Napoleon, and if Genghis Khan were transported to a modern American university, he wouldn’t be in the student senate, he’d be in jail (perhaps after organizing some frat parties).

In fact, given the right situation, according to this view, anyone can be a leader. Picture, for example,  a group hiking through the woods. If they meet a bear, the short, weak, stupid, cowardly guy might well be the first to do the right thing and bolt, followed by the others, making him suddenly—briefly—the leader!

Leadership theorists often discriminate between power, authority, and leadership.  A man with a gun has power, but that’s not leadership. A supervisor has authority, but that’s not leadership either.  

Leaders don’t push, they pull. They don’t enforce, they inspire.  Leaders lead, which implies a destination, someplace to be that isn’t here.  They attract followers by flashing a light ahead, and starting in that direction and radiating conviction about going that way.

The corporate world bristles with seminars and workshops that purport to teach leadership, but what they actually teach is management. 

Managers don’t start things, they keep things going.  Management is a content area, like medicine. Anyone can see that practicing medicine requires expert knowledge. If we don’t have medical schools, we won’t have doctors. But if we don’t have leadership schools, we’ll still have leaders, because humans clump into groups and follow someone; that’s our nature.

What a leader does, fundamentally, is get many individuals to operate as some single entity.  A leader does this by articulating a vision that strikes a chord and builds a narrative that people believe in and feel themselves to be a part of.  All the specific mechanisms of leadership may go into achieving this: charisma’s in there,  favorable personality traits play a part, a conducive situation is an ingredient…

Before the fact, however, if an aspiring leader were to ask a teacher how to forge some vague milling mass of separate individuals into a cohesive group united by a great purpose, the answer would reside in a vision yet to be articulated. In that sense, leadership is like poetry. Can you teach people to be poets?  Yeah, sort of.  You can improve their language skills, build their vocabulary, teach them about rhythm, rhyme, and alliteration, show them great poems others have written… all this will enable the poet in them to emerge and shine—if they have a poet in them.

Fiction: How Fire Came to Be

The little boy listened to his grandmother talking about the days when fire was still a novelty.

“And were you there when it was invented, Granny?” he cried out, all agog with wonder.

“Indeed I was,” she replied, smoothing his hair.  “Indeed I was. It happened long ago, when I was very young.”

“Tell me about it,” begged the child.

And so she did.

She was a naked creature then, living on icy plateaus, alone. On that fateful day, she had toiled long and hard—oh, how hard and long she had toiled!  But when the sun set, she could do no more.  She lay down under the wind.  Soon it became colder than could remember, and the numbness that is not sleep started in her toes and began to spread up her legs. And life condensed to a tiny ember within her.

Suddenly she saw another person crawling toward her out of the freezing gloom.  He collapsed next to her; and they pressed their shaking bodies together.

Then…it was still cold, as cold as could be.  By combining their twin embers, however, they managed to ignite a hair of dry grass, then a pitiful twig, and then a few more twigs, until finally they had managed to create a small campfire. Of course the campfire alone could never have kept them alive through that night.  They still had to make use of each others’ deep interior fires, by huddling and clinging.

But the next day, they enlarged the campfire and warmed up enough to tackle the work yet to be done on the plateau: building storage sheds, houses, roads, fences: insulating all the dwellings, and making everything cozy, comfortable, and warm.

Until finally they didn’t need each other’s fire at all, so warm had it become everywhere. And everywhere, therefore, people quit tending their own internal fires—they no longer had any need of them—and all the little fires people carried inside themselves began to die.

“But to this very day,” the grandmother averred to her astonished little grandson, “that moment when Fire came into my life is my fondest, my most vivid memory.”

“But Granny,” exclaimed the child, “should I take care, then, not to let my own little fire go out?”

“Do as you wish,” his grandmother shrugged. “It’s  your life.” And she turned away from the little fellow, then, to build up the fire, which had burned down somewhat during the storytelling.